Disclosures

• Dr. Khera is an Associate Editor of JAMA. Dr. Khera and Mr. Sangha are the coinventors of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/346,610, “Articles and methods for format-independent detection of hidden cardiovascular disease from printed electrocardiographic images using deep learning” and are co-founders of Ensight-AI. Dr. Khera receives support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (under awards R01HL167858 and K23HL153775) and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (under award 2022060). He receives support from the Blavatnik Foundation through the Blavatnik Fund for Innovation at Yale. He also receives research support, through Yale, from Bristol-Myers Squibb, BrideBio, and Novo Nordisk. In addition to 63/346,610, Dr. Khera is a coinventor of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications 63/177,117, 63/428,569, and 63/484,426.

• Dr. Khera and Dr. Oikonomou are co-founders of Evidence2Health, a precision health platform to improve evidence-based cardiovascular care. Dr. Oikonomou is a co-inventor of the U.S. Patent Applications 63/508,315 & 63/177,117 and has been a consultant to Caristo Diagnostics Ltd (all outside the current work).

• Dr. Krumholz works under contract with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to support quality measurement programs, was a recipient of a research grant from Johnson & Johnson, through Yale University, to support clinical trial data sharing; was a recipient of a research agreement, through Yale University, from the Shenzhen Center for Health Information for work to advance intelligent disease prevention and health promotion; collaborates with the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases in Beijing; receives payment from the Arnold & Porter Law Firm for work related to the Sanofi clopidogrel litigation, from the Martin Baughman Law Firm for work related to the Cook Celect IVC filter litigation, and from the Siegfried and Jensen Law Firm for work related to Vioxx litigation; chairs a Cardiac Scientific Advisory Board for UnitedHealth; was a member of the IBM Watson Health Life Sciences Board; is a member of the Advisory Board for Element Science, the Advisory Board for Facebook, and the Physician Advisory Board for Aetna; and is the co-founder of Hugo Health, a personal health information platform, and co-founder of Refactor Health, a healthcare AI-augmented data management company.

• Dr Ribeiro is supported in part by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq (grants 465518/2014-1, 310790/2021-2, 409604/2022-4 e 445011/2023-8).

• Dr. Asselbergs is supported by Heart4Data, which received funding from the Dutch Heart Foundation and ZonMw (2021-B015), and UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre.